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dariana.
lesson four.
- servers & domains -
> Remember ! <
↳ Internet is defined as a global network of networks. It means that different computer networks are connected to each other. In each computer network there is a collection of computers linked together enabling them to share information and communicate with each other.
↳ Servers in a computer network are host computers which provide a service to users. An example of a server could be a server that is used to handle storage and retrieval of files and documents.
↳ In order for computer networks to perform communication and Information sharing functions, each computer connected in the network (particularly with the Internet) must have an address. This address is a unique combination of numbers that identify one computer from the other. [ example of an internet address: 192.168.0.98 ]
↳ In addition, computer networks use a set of rules to transfer information to the communication links. These set of rules are called protocols. There are many types of protocol used by different types of network. Internet in particular uses the TCP/IP, TCP/IP is a combination of two protocols: Transmission Control Protocol and Internet Protocol.
↳ In addition to TCP/IP, servers connected to the Internet use different types of protocols that distinguish the type of services they can render. The following table describes each type of server and their corresponding protocols.
>Server Type<
>Protocol<
World Wide Web (www.)
http
File Transfer Protocol (ftp)
ftp
SMTP
>Description<
Hyper Text Transfer protocol is a set of rules for exchanging files like text, graphic images, sound, video and other multimedia files. It can contain references to other files whose selection will elicit additional transfer requests.
File transfer protocol is the simplest way to exchange files between computers on the Internet. It is commonly used to transfer Web page files from their creator to the computer that acts as their server for everyone on the Internet It is also used to download programs and other files to your computer from other servers.
SMTP Simple Mail Transfer Protocol is used in sending and receiving e- mail. But it is mostly used in sending e-mails.
POP3
POP3 Post Office Protocols 3 (POP3) is the most recent version of a standard for receiving e-mail.
>Domain Names<
↳ We all know that the computers connected in the internet have an address. The addresses consist of unique number combinations that are used to identify one computer from the other. Since number combinations are very hard to memorize, Internet addresses were assigned a descriptive name that can be easily remembered. Here is an example of an internet address and its parts:
↧
↧
↧
↧
↧
Protocol
Type
Server
Type
Server
Name
Top
Level
Domain
Country
Domain
> Server Name <
↳ The server name is the name of the server which provides services given by the organization or the company who owns it.
> Top - Level Domain <
↳ The top-level domain describes the category or the type of organization that owns the server. Here are some of the commonly used top-level domains.
↳ .com - Originally stood for "commercial" to indicate a site used for commercial purposes, but it has since become the most well-known top-level domain, and is now used for any kind of site.
↳ .edu - used for educational institutions.
↳ .gov - used for government sites.
↳ .mil - used for military sites.
↳ .net - Originally intended for sites related to the Internet itself, but now used for a wide variety of sites.
↳ .org - Originally intended for non-commercial "organizations", but now used for a wide variety of sites. Managed by the Internet Society.
> Country Domain <
↳ The country domain describes the geographical location of the company that owns the server. Each country in the world has its own unique alphabetic designation. A few examples are shown below.
↳ .ae - United Arab Emirates
↳ .au - Australia
↳ .br - Brazil
↳ .ph - Philippines
↳ .jp - Japan
↳ .uk - United Kingdom
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