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dariana.
lesson three.
- introduction to internet -
> internet:
- The Internet is a collection of information stored in computers physically located throughout the world. Internet, also known as the Net, is really a network of computers that exchange information with each other. It is a global connection of computers that are connected via a huge network of telecommunications links. It allows you to access data and information that is stored at different sites (called hosts) and locations all around the world.
> History of the Internet <
1. Vannevar Bush:
↳ Vannevar Bush wrote the first visionary description of the potential uses for information technology with his description of the "memex" automated library system
2. Norbert Wiener:
↳ Norbert Wiener invented the field of Cybernetics, inspiring future. researchers to focus on the use of technology to extend human capabilities.
3. Dartmouth Artificial Intelligence conference (1956):
↳ crystallized the concept that technology was improving at an exponential rate, and provided the first serious consideration of the consequences.
4. Marshall McLuhan:
↳ made the idea of a global village interconnected by an electronic nervous system part of our popular culture.
5. Sputnik 1 (1957):
↳ first satellite that was launched by the Soviet Union. The Sputnik I triggered US President Dwight Eisenhower to create the ARPA (Advanced Research Projects Agency) to regain the technological lead in the arms race.
6. Packet Switching (1962):
8. 1972:
↳ E-mail was born.
9. 1983:
↳ NCP was replaced with the TCP/IP protocol developed by Bob Kahn, Vinton Cerf, and others, which quickly became the most widely used network protocol in the world.
10. 1989:
↳ World Wide Web (www.) was born
11. 1990:
↳ the ARPANET was retired and transferred to the NSFNET. The NSFNET was soon connected to the CSNET, which linked Universities around North America, and then to the EUnet, which connected research facilities in Europe.
12. 1993:
↳ It was in year 1993 when the Mosaic World Wide Web browser was born. Thanks in part to the NSF's enlightened management, and fueled by the popularity of the web, the use of the Internet exploded after 1990 (causing the US Government to transfer management to independent organizations starting in 1995.)
↳ Roberts led the development of the network, based on the new idea of packet switching discovered by Paul Baran at RAND, and a few years later by Donald Davies at the UK National Physical Laboratory
7. A R P A N E T (1969):
↳ the ARPANET went live in early October, 1969. The first communications were between Leonard Kleinrock's research center at the University of California at Los Angeles, and Douglas Engelbart's center at the Stanford Research Institute. The first networking protocol used on the ARPANET was the Network Control Program (NCP).
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