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dariana.
lesson two.
- introduction to network [part one.] -
> network:
is a collection of technologies that enables one computer to be connected to another computer.
> main uses of network:
- sending and receiving messages
- sharing of devices
- files sharing
- process sharing
> types of network: <
1. geographical location: by the amount of area they cover.
↳ Local Area Network – same location
↳ Wide Area Network – different location
↳ Hybrid Network – LAN and/or WAN
↳ Metropolitan Area Network – LAN + LAN
↳ Home Area Network – home devices
↳ Intranet – to members only of the organization
↳ Extranet – to customers
↳Wireless Network – not connected through wires
2. structure: how computers interact with each other
1. Node - computer device connected to the network.
2. Server – central computer that provides services to the node.
↳ Server Networks – node to server
↳ Client/Server Networks – same command
↳ Peer-to-Peer Networks – does not require server
> Two Elements of Network Structure <
3. topology: the physical connections of the cables in the
network
↳ Bus Topology – single cable
↳ Star Topology – central device (hub)
↳ Ring Topology – circular chain
↳ Mesh Topology – each node to all node
lesson two.
- introduction to network [part two] -
> Access Method:
- referred to as logical topology, describes how data is transmitted between nodes.
↳ Ethernet - Requires a node to verify if there are no other
nodes transmitting data before performing a data
transmission.
↳ Token ring - Uses a token (small packet of data that moves
in the network), a node will not be able to send or
receive any data unless it has the token
> Transmission Media:
1. Coaxial cable- can be used for long distance connections with lesser interference.
2. Twisted-pair cable- provides faster transmission speed.
3. Fiber-optic cable- commonly used for high-speed long-distance transmission.
*wireless transmission media*
4. Infrared Transmission - uses infrared light wave to send short-range data transmission.
5. Radio Frequency Transmission- uses radio waves to send short-range data transmission, requires transmitter and receiver.
> Network Devices:
- devices used to connect one node to the network.
> Protocols:
a set of rules that the computer network devices use for transmitting and receiving data.
↳ Network Interface Card - printed circuit boards that provides a port for attaching the network.
↳ Hubs - device used to connect multiple nodes in the network
↳ Bridges - device that acts as port for connecting two LANs
↳ Switches - multiple-port device that detects which node or device is connected, can be used as bridge
↳ Routers - Used to connect two or more LANs on a WAN
↳ Gateway -hardware device or software that is used to connect two or more networks with different access methods, different communication protocols, and different packet formatting -
↳ TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) - breaks and assemble data.
↳ IP (Internet Protocol) - provides the internet address.
↳ HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) - used by web browser to communicate with the web server.
↳ FTP (File Transfer Protocol) - enable uploading and downloading file.
↳ SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) - use for sending e-mail messages.
↳ POP (Post Office Protocol) -used for receiving and managing e-mail messages.
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